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7 hours ago | [YT] | 7

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Sweden is investing over €100 million to swap classroom tablets for traditional textbooks in a bold move to reverse declining student performance and focus.

Sweden is spearheading a major educational course correction by allocating over €100 million to phase out classroom screens in favor of physical textbooks. After 15 years of digital-first learning, the government is responding to data suggesting that excessive screen time has eroded student attention spans and reading comprehension. Research highlighted by the Ministry of Education indicates that reading on backlit devices demands more cognitive effort and offers more distractions than paper, contributing to a noticeable dip in critical thinking skills and academic results across the nation's schools.

The initiative aims to provide every student with a printed textbook for every subject, ensuring the primary mode of learning returns to a distraction-free format. While digital tools will still exist as supplements, they will no longer serve as the foundation of the curriculum. This massive reinvestment reflects a growing international realization that while technology offers convenience, the tactile nature of physical books is essential for deep focus and memory retention. By prioritizing paper over pixels, Sweden is positioning itself as a pioneer in the global push for a more balanced and effective classroom environment.

source: Futura Team & Gray, P. (2026). Why Sweden is spending €100 million to cut screens in schools. Futura.

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Theories of Consumer Behavior

1. Marginal Utility Analysis –Marshall – 1890
2. Revealed Preference Theory – Samuelson – 1938
3. Indifference Curve Theory – Hicks and Allen – 1934
4. Neumann – Morgenstern Approach – 1944
5. Friedman – Savage Hypothesis – Friedman and Savage- 1948

Market

1. Cournot Duopoly Model – Cournot – 1838
2. Edgeworth Oligopoly Model – Edgeworth – 1881
3. Bertrand’s Duopoly Model – Bertrand – 1883
4. Imperfect Competition – Joan Robinson - 1933
5. Monopolistic Competition – Chamberlin – 1933
6. Stackelberg’s Duopoly Model – Heinrich Von Stackelberg – 1934
7. Kinked Demand Curve – Paul M Sweezy - 1939
8. Game Theory – Neumann and Morgenstern – 1944

Welfare Criterion

1. Social Welfare Function – Bergson, Samuelson - 1938
2. Impossibility Theorem – Arrow– 1951
3. Theory of Second Best – Richard Lipsey and Kelvin Lancaster-1956
4. Coase Theorem – Ronald Coase - 1959
5. Asymmetric Information - George Akerlof, Michael Spence, and Joseph E. Stiglitz – 2001

Rent

1. Ricardian Theory of Rent – Ricardo – 1810
2. Modern Theory of Rent – Joan Robinson -
3. Quasi- Rent – Marshall-

Profit

1. Dynamic Theory of Profit – J.B.Clark – 1900
2. Rent Theory of Profit – F.A. Walker –
3. Risk Theory of Profit – H.B. Hawley – 1907
4. Innovation Theory of Profit – Joseph A Schumpeter – 1934

Macro Economics

Consumption Function

1. Absolute Income Hypothesis – Keynes – 1936
2. Relative Income Hypothesis – Duesenberry – 1949
3. Life Cycle Hypothesis – Ando, Modigliani – 1950
4. Permanent Income Hypothesis – Friedman – 1957

Effect

1. Keynes Effect – Keynes – 1936
2. Pigou Effect – A. C. Pigou – 1943
3. Real Balance Effect - Patinkin- 1956

Multiplier and Acceleration

1. Accelerator – J.M. Clark -1917
2. Multiplier – R.F. Khan – 1931

Demand for Money

1. Classical Theory – 1911
2. Keynesian Theory – Keynes - 1936
3. Inventory Approach – Baumol -1950
4. Restatement of Quantity Theory – Friedman – 1956
5. Port-folio Approach – Tobin – 1969

Quantity Theory of Money

1. Cash Transaction Approach – Fisher – 1911
2. Cash Balance Approach- Cambridge economists –
A.C.Pigou (1917), Alfred Marshall (1923), D.H. Robertson (1922), John Maynard Keynes (1923), R.G. Hawtrey and Frederick Lavington (1921, 1922).
3. Reformulated Quantity Theory of Money – Keynes – 1930s
4. Real Balance Effect – Don Patinkin – 1956

Other

1. IS-LM model – Hicks - 1937
2. Monetary Approach to BOP- Hahn - 1959
3. Philips Curve –A. W. H. Phillips - 1958
4. Mundell Fleming Model – Robert Mundell and Marcus Fleming 1960
5. Optimum Currency Area – Robert Mundell – 1960

Development Economics

1. Marxian Theory of Economic Development – Marx – 1867
2. Lorenz Curve – 1905
3. Schumpeterian Theory – Schumpeter – 1911
4. Harrod Model – R.F. Harrod – 1939
5. Big Push Theory – Rosenstein Rodan – 1943
6. Domar Model – 1946
7. Dependency Theory – 1949
8. Balanced Growth – Rosenstein Rodan, Ragnar Nurkse, Arthur Lewis, Scitovsky, and Leibenstein – 1950
9. Unbalanced Growth – Hirschman -1950
10. Vicious Circle of Poverty – Nurkse – 1953
11. Theory of Unlimited Supplies of Labor – W.A. Lewis - 1954
12. Inverted U-hypothesis – 1955
13. Wage –Good Model- Brahmananda and Vakil - 1956
14. The Long-run Growth Model – R.M. Solow- 1956
15. Low Level Equilibrium trap – Nelson – 1956
16. Capital Accumulation Model- Joan Robinson- 1956
17. Critical Minimum Effort Thesis – Leibenstein – 1957
18. Kaldor model – Kaldor – 1957
19. Technical Progress of Kaldor – 1960
20. Kaldor-Mirrles Model – 1962
21. Fei – Rani’s Theory of Developmnet –John Fei and Gustav Rani- 1964
22. Two Gap Model –Hollis Chenery –1966
23. Learning by Doing – Arrow -1980
24. Endogenous Growth Model - 1980
25. Romer Model – 1986

Investment Criterion

1. The Capital Turn Over Criterion – J.J. Polak and N.S. Buchanan – 1943

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Should I continue the Series on Relations and functions

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Need your prayers . My child is undergoing surgery

5 months ago | [YT] | 94

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During a robbery in Zimbabwe, the bank robber shouted to everyone in the bank, "Don't move. The money belongs to the State. Your life belongs to you." Everyone in the bank lay down quietly. This is called "Mind Changing Concept" - changing the conventional way of thinking.

When a lady lay on the table provocatively, the robber shouted at her, "Please be civilized! This is a robbery and not a rape!" This is called "Being Professional" - focusing only on what you are trained to do.

When the bank robbers returned home, the younger robber (MBA-trained) told the older robber (who has only completed Year 6 in primary school), "Big brother, let's count how much we got." The older robber rebutted, saying, "You are very stupid. There is so much money it will take us a long time to count. Tonight, the TV news will tell us how much we robbed from the bank!" This is called "Experience."

Nowadays, experience is more important than paper qualifications. After the robbers had left, the bank manager told the bank supervisor to call the police quickly. But the supervisor said to him, "Wait! Let us take out $10 million from the bank for ourselves and add it to the $70 million that we have previously embezzled from the bank." This is called "Swim with the tide" - converting an unfavorable situation to your advantage.

The supervisor said, "It will be good if there is a robbery every month." This is called "Killing Boredom" - personal happiness is more important than your job. The next day, the TV news reported that $100 million was taken from the bank. The robbers counted and counted, but they could only count $20 million.

The robbers were very angry and complained, "We risked our lives and only took $20 million. The bank manager took $80 million with a snap of his fingers. It looks like it is better to be educated than to be a thief!" This is called "Knowledge is worth as much as gold."
The bank manager was smiling and happy because his losses in the share market were now covered by this robbery. This is called "Seizing the opportunity" - daring to take risks.

So who are the real robbers here?

5 months ago | [YT] | 20